Ship refrigeration



Oct. 4, 1932.

P. w. HlLLER 1,881,079

SHIP REFRIGERATION Filed Sept. 20, 1930 3 SheetsSheet' l INVENTOR PM! 1105221? B Y ATTORNEY- Oct. 4, 1932. p, w 1,881,079

- SHIP REFRIGERATION Filed Sept. 20. 1950 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Pauli/115G710 7 a 7 AJW'M ATTORNEYS Patented ct. 4, 1932 PAUL WINA NS KILLER, OF WILMINGTON, CALIFORNIA sHIP REFRIGERATION Application filed September 20, 1 930. seriaino. 483,155.

" The invention relates'to the art of refrigeration of comestibles in transit on vehicles, and more particularly to the refrigeration of fish andthe like on'boats.

The limitation of available space in .vehicles such as ships for the cold storage of perishable material is ofparamount consid;

.eration; The presentinvention accordingly provides an improvement in the arrangement of the: cooling coils of the cold storage chamber of a ship so as to afford a maximum amount of storage capacity. j 1

The present invention also provides an improvement in the arrangement of cooling conduits whichtakes advantage of the shape of the ship to more effectively induce thecirculation of the refrigerant through the coils.

The invention also provides an improvement in the construction and arrangement of the expansion coil which effects a reduction in the surging of the refrigerant resulting from the rolling of the ship, and an efficient operation when the ship is at any and all angles in its pitch or roll. 1

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the expansion coils surrounding a cold storage room are made in the form of grids with the pipes thereof so positioned as to follow the general shape or camber of the ship where. this camber extends upwardly in the general direction of circulation of the refrigerant fluid. By this arrangement,

traps are eliminated and the flow of liquid throu'ghthe expansion coils of the system is through the coils.

surging effected in approximately the same direction as the gases liberated from the surface 'of said liquid, thereby minimizing surging action and inducing a smoother circulation This reduction in the of the refrigerant decreases the differential pressure of the system and results in a corresponding increase in efiiciency of circulation.

It should be noted that these coils in following the camber. of the ship, particularly thecurved sides and deck, providea means for rendering the expansion coil system somewhat flexibleand permit a certain de- I gree of expansion in thecoils.

' It is also Within the contemplation of the presentinvention to provide a series of expansion coilsarrangcd in grid fashion between headers so as to eliminate the use of bends. This arrangement obviates the creation of hammer slugs, and also minimizes to a certain extent the agitation of the refrigerant during the rolling of the ship. By hazniner slugs I mean accumulations of liquid in pockets from which the evaporated gas would have to displace the liquid with violence and consequently retard the gas outflow. v p

The invention also consists in certain new and originalfeatures of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter set forth and claimed.

Although the novel features which are believed'tobe characteristic of this invention will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims, the invention itself, as to its objects and advantages, the mode of its operation and the manner of its organization may be better understood by referring to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof, in which 7 V I Fig. 1 is a top plan section of the stern end of a fishing boat taken on line 11 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 2 is a scction taken on line 22 of Fig. 1. l

Fig.3 is a top plan section of the stern end of fishing boat takenv on line 3-3 of Fig. 4.

Figs.'.4,and are sections taken on lines 44 and 5-5 respectively, of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a view of the accumulator constitluting vpart of the refrigerating system, anc

Fig. 7 isa perspective of theexpansion coil arrangement of the refrigerating system.

The accompanying drawings show the adaptation of the present invention to a fishing boat, having a suitably insulated cold storage room 10,bounded by the side hulls 11,

bulkheads lQ and 13 mounted athwart-Wise, floor plates 14, and a deck plate or wall 15 having theapproximate curvature or camber of the deck. This deck plate 15 has two hatch openings 16 and 17 to provide means of access to the interior of the storage room 10.

or any ait wells 18 and 19, although these are not essential. Centrally disposed with respectltothe sides of the ship and extending into the cold. storage room. 10 is an ordinary accumulator other suitable source ofdistmbut-lon for the refrigerating liquid. This accumulatorhas theusual coil 21, one end 22 of whichis connected to a suitable condenser (not shown),

7 is connected to a manifold piping system 24.

This coil 21 is immersed in a bath 25 of liquid refrigerant constituting the return fiuid of the system and serving to cool the refrigerant inth'e coil 21. The other adjuncts ofthe refrigerating system such as the compressor 7 I and condenser may be disposed near the-for- V 0:

ward end of the ship and are not shown for i the sakeof simplicity;

25 V wise of the ship,

."The manifold piping system 24 is pro- 'vided with a serles of expansion valves 26,

two of which have connections27 to the headers 28.1 These headers 28 extendathwartand slope upwardly towards" the sides thereof. Disposed near the through a series bait wells 1 8 and 19 are headers 30, which are disposed a little above the headers 28, and/which are joined to said headers 28 of expansion coils 31, soas to form a grid unit. Also joining the'headers 30 are headers 32, which slope upwardly .toward the stern, and wh'ch have extending therefrom in grid fashion a series of expansion coils These coils 33 lead into the longitudinal headers34 disposed underneath the deck. plate 15, and are disposed close tot e sides of the ship to approximately con form with the curvatures thereof.

' The headers 34 run in approximate par "allelism with thedeck plate15', which has the usual longitudinal camber running'upwardly 5 from either sideof a point on'the athwart plane A: of least free board near midship.

" Extending through the center of the ship is a return header-36,'connected at one end thereofto the accumulator 20, andhavi-ng branches 37'ofi'setfto accommodate for the Connecting the headers 34 and'36 are a grid series of coils 38 which are I slightly curved to conform with the-curvature of the deck plate 15. It should be noted that the deck of a ship usually curves downwardly from both sides of the longitudinal center thereof, so thatb sloping the coils38 'as indicated, the refrigerant therein is'given an upward treadin its passage fromthe head V I, v ranged to follow the can If desired the'side of the storage room' ers 34 to the returnheader 36.

" 10 adjacent the bulkhead 13 maybe provided with'a coil system which includes headers '40. These headers 40 and have connections 41 andthe other end 23 of which 7 between a'se'ries of" grid coils slope upwardly? from the center of the ship I j with'the headers 32. Connecting the headers the stern is similarly provided with an expansion coil system, which includes headers oOhaving connections 51 with the accumulao tor 20,, and-sloping upwardly towards the stern. Extending in close conforming relationship with the sides of the ship are a series of coils 52, arranged in grid fashiom'and connecting said headers and a pair. of headers 53 disposed adjacent the underside of theg de'ckf plate 15. Another header 54 is provided'whi'chis' centrally positioned with respect to the sidesjof the ship and which has branchesy55, ofiset" to accommodate for the hatch opening 16. One end ofthis header, 54 is connected to a trap or'collection'main 56 and has a series of coils 57 extending therefrom and connected to t he headers 53. These fcoils '57 arebent to follow the curvature of the deck so that they slope upwardly towards the center of the ship} The trap 56 is directlyj connected to "the accumulator through a return pipe 58. v V 1 i In order to provide refrigerating means adjacent every available portion of thejwalls of the storage room 10, that part of the. un

/ derside of the deck plate 15, between the bait wells 18 and 20, may have extending there-V 59 follow the longitudinal camber of the ship and are'joi ned together at one set of corresponding ends by a header 60 and at the other set of ends by one of the branch headers 55. This header 60 has a connection 61- to one of the expansion valves'of themanifold pipe system 24, and is disposed near the plane A of least freeboard so thatxthe refrigerant liquid in the coils 59 is'given an upward trendin its passage from the header 60 to the header 55. 1 g

It should be observed that the entire coil system is' symmetrically mounted about the longitudinal center line of theship, so that this system can be expeditiously" equalized through themereagency. of two connections 62 and 63 indicated; so that'by inclining these coils as described, a continuous upward trend is imsion cycles. 7 7 V p c It should be noted that'ithe coils are arparted thereto throughout the entire expanfrigerating fluid an' upward trend, in the course of its circulation; Thiso *ganization 59. These coils joiningthe headers v28 and 50 re spect-ively. I H

The circulation of the refrigerant in the expansion coils is effected in the direction lber of theship where this arrangement imparts to the relationshipwith the boundaries -of -the room a 10 thereby providing a correspondingly greater storage space therefor. The cost of mounting the coils in conforming relationship with the curvature of the ship is also lessened. Furthermore, by sloping the coils to follow the general camber of the ship, where this camber extends upwardly in the general direction of circulation of the re frigerant fluid, the gases liberated from the liquid refrigerant is made to follow the same direction as said liquid refrigerant. In this manner the surging of the refrigerant fluid is minimized and a smoother circulation induced.

It should also be noted that the, coils adjacent the sides of the ship and the deck are curved to follow the camber thereof, thereby providing an effective means for rendering the expansion coil system somewhat flexible and permitting a certain degree of expansion in the coils.

. It should also be noted that by arranging the coils in' grid fashion betweenheaders, and by eliminating bends, the creation of hammer slugs is obviated and the agitation of the refrigerant during the rolling of the ship minimized. This reduction in the agitation of refrigerant decreases the differential pressure of the system and results in a corresponding increase in efficiency of circulation.

It should be further noted that the individual coils generally extend in the same direction as the direction of the air during its convective circulation between the walls of the room and the coils. In this way, the

V baffling of the air is minimized and a smoother circulation thereof induced during its convection cycle.

While certainnovel features of the inven tion have been shown'and described and are pointed out in the annexed claims, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions and changes in the forms and details of the device illustrated andin its operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. For instance, in broad ships there may be two rooms arranged athwartwise, and the system may be disposed in accordance with the present invention by leading the refrigerant from the accumulator to feed header disposed near the hull at the bottom of the room. This feed header may have a plurality of upwardlyextending expansion coils leading therefrom into .an upper header dis-- posed underneath the deck plate near the hull. From this upper header a plurality of expansion coils would lead therefrom into a header disposed at the inboard side of the room in such a position that the expansion coils therefrom follow the general camber of the deck. If it is desired to refrigerate all the sides of such a room, two feed headers may be disposed at th-ebottom of theroom near the hull, and each may have a plurality of expansion coils extending upwardly along the deck and :along the bottom of the room, respectively, so as to have an upward trend throughout. In "each case it is favorable to have the upper inboard headers of each room connected to a centrally disposed accumulater.

If it is desired 'to provide a system for a ship having three rooms disposed athwartwise, may be arranged as above described with reference to the two room system, while the middle room may be arranged iii-accordance with the arrangement in the accompanying drawings. However, the coils adj oining the sides of this middle. room maybe made to follow the side walls'of this room instead of the hull as hereinbefore described. In such an arrangement, it isdesirable to have all of the upper inboard headers of the side room and the upper central header of the mi'ddle room connected to a centrally disposed accumulator. 7

Having thus described my invention, what I claim asnew and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. Ina ship having a deck which slopes downwardly to the sides, a-cold storage room bounded on the top by a deck wall having the approximatecamber of the deck, a plurality of athwart-wise extending coils constituting part of an expansion cycle of a refrigerating system and disposed in close proximity to said wall, said coils being in the form of'grids with headers extending lengthwise of the shi'pand at difierent elevations, and parallel connecting pipes between said headers extending transversely of the ship and substantially following the transverse camber of the deck. 7

2. In a; ship, a cold storage room bounded on the sides by the hull of the ship and on the top by a deck wal-lhaving the approximate camber of the deck, and a plurality of refrigerating expansion coils disposed adjacent the boundary walls of the storage room and arranged in-gr-id fashion between headers, said coils including pipes connected in parallel and sloped to conform with the camber of the ship where said sloping imparts to therefrigerating agent an upward trend in its direction of circulation.

'3. In a ship, a cold storage room, an expansion coil system in said room, a source of distribution for the refrigerating agent in said coil system, said source of distribution being disposed proximate thetransverse center of theshi'p, and a return header connected to said source of distribution and extending longitudinally of the ship, said coil system including a plurality of athwart-wise extending coils arranged in grid fashion on both sides of said return header and connecting with said header.

4. In a ship having a deck which slopes the :coil system for the outside rooms Q proximate caniber of downwardly to the'sides, a cold storage room r bounded on the sides by the hull of the ship and on the top by adeck Wall havingtheapcoilsysteni insa'id room, a source of distribution forthe refrigerating agent'in said coil system, said source of distribution being disposed 'proximatethe transverse center of Wardly proximate the the ship, and a freturn header connected to said source'of distribution'and extending longitudinally ofthe ship,'said coil system including a plurality OfathWZLIt-WlSB extending coils disposed in close con-forming proximity to said hull'and deck Wall, and arranged vin grid fashion between headers, the coils adj ace'nt' the deck'Wall leading into both I sides'ofthe return header. 1 V 7 5. In alship, an expansion'coil system in- 0111 20 ingra first series of coils extending uphull of the shi'p,-a second series of coils connected to'the top of the wlast mentioned series and. slopin'g' upwardly Ineansfor delivering towards the longitudinal center of the ship,

said first series of coils'in an upward direc tion, and 'then-through the' second series of s v coils towards the center of the ship, and a gas I of expansion coils'in gas outlet for the upper header 55w Los Angeles and State of California this I eleventh dayof September A.

. room and each outlet at the upper end of the second series; 6; A ship refrigerating systeni'for th-evcold storage room of a ship, including a plurality headers extending lengthwise of theship andrat diflerentelevations, and parallel connectingpipes between said headers extending v I athwa'rt wise of the ship spectfto the horizontal; V

and inclined in re- 7 A; refrigerating system for the cold storage roomfof'a ship", including a'pair of head- 'ers at different "elevations" andjclosely ad'- jacent'to the Wall"of *the cold storage room,

and a plurality of pipes connecting said headi ers'to'fornr a grid,--said pipes being bent to follow the contour of'the camber of the ship. 8. In aship, a cold storage room bounded' on one orniore sides by the hullof th'eship,

and a plurality of expansion grids Within said substantially parallel to an adjacent Wall of said room, eiach' of said grids including header-slat different elevations, and

substantially. -pam11-e1- pipes connecting said headers and i'lpwardlyrinclined, a liquid in let for the lower, header of each grid and a of each grid.

Signed atgWilmington inthe county of D. 1930. v v PAULWINANS HILLER.

the deck, an expansion a refrigerant to the low ,pointof the first series for"circulation through grid form including 

